HM studies

  MANAGEMENT   - Work from others. - Without wasting resources.  - With concerning the changing environment,              and - Social responsibility.  It is the activity of getting things done with the aid of people and other resources. “ It is the process accomplishing through the efforts of other.” Skilled manager can accomplish much more through other than they can through other than they can through their efforts.  Management as art can be defined as systematic body of knowledge which requires skills, creativity, and practice to get perfection.  Characteristics / Features of Management  • It is a process or function that continues and              never ending process.  • It is a social process. • Involves group effort that follow established              principles or rules. • Aims at achieving predetermined objectives. • ...

Evolution of Management/Perspective of Management  A. Classical Perspective  - Economic rationality of employees.  - Motivated by economic incentives.  i. Scientific Management :-                                                Taylor (1856-1915).                                              Gliberth (1878-1972).                                              Henry L Gantt (1861-1991). • Did not appreciate social contact of workers              and higher need of workers.  • Did not acknowledge various among                    ...

Raw Material / Ingredients used in Cooking  Raw Material means it used to denote material is in an unprocessed or minimally processed state of cooking.  An ingredients is a substance that forms part of a mixture in a general sense.  For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. But some of the commercial products contain a secret ingredient that is why they does not want to lose loyalty of that products. National laws usually require prepared food products to display a list of ingredients , and specifically require that certain additives be listed. Ingredients are found in many forms / states that is dry, solid, liquid and fat form / state of ingredients. Characteristics of Raw Material :- * To make food tasty, colourful dishes, it is important to have knowledge of the raw materials. * They plays a special part in cooking. * They helps to improve the quality and gives standard end to the  product. Types of Raw Materia...

Personal Hygiene and Grooming Standards in Kitchen  Hair :- They should be small, neat, clean, no bright colors, natural looking, regularly shampoo, not so much oily.  Face :- It should be clean shaved, moustache will be well trimmed, side burns are not longer than a length of half of ears, ear hygiene, nose hygiene, brush daily teeth. Hand :- They should be washed regularly, nails should be short, clean and trimmed.  Jewellery :- It should not be heavy watches or luxury, wedding rings, earrings, expensive chains and visible tattoos or rings or chains. Uniform :- It should be well washed and ironed and shoes must be polished daily. Socks must be change daily.  Environmental Hygiene Standards in Kitchen  1. Kitchen should be neat and clean, clear and proper hygienic environment and free from germs or contaminants.  2. Equipments used in kitchen should be neat and clean.  3. Have a separate chopping or cutting board for cooked meat and raw mea...

Importance/Relevance of Personal and Environmental Hygiene in Kitchen  As a food handler, one must ensure that the food provided to the customers is free of all contaminants. Food handlers should remember that customer place great trust in them, and that carelessness on their part could make customers ill, or at times even lead to death. Over normal body temperature is 37°C, which is good stage for germs to grow. This is probably the source of most cases of food poisoning. Personal hygiene should be important to everyone but especially to a good food holder, it is a paramount importance. The food handler has a moral and legal responsibility of having good standards of personal hygiene. The bacteria on the human body are usually found on hands, ears, nose, month, throat, hair, and groin. One must mash hands after touching these areas and will reduce the cause of contamination risk. The hands are the main medium through which bacteria are transferred to food. So one must ensure washi...

  QUALITIES OF A GOOD CHEF  * Passion :- A great chef has to be passionate. * Stamina :- A good chef needs stamina. * Leadership :- A good chef should have leadership skills. * Creative :- A great chef will be creative. * Flexibility :- A chef should be flexibility which can ensure that his kitchen is running smoothly. * Organized :- The chef has to be organized to run a well oiled kitchen.  * Business Sense :- The chef has to have a keen sense of business.  * Multitask :- A chef has the ability to do multitask at one time. * Commitment to Quality :- Every chef has to be committed to quality using only fresh and best thing. *  Handle Criticism :- A great chef has to be able to handle critical situations. *  Eye for Details :- A good chef have to eye for details always . *  Practice : A great chef knows that preparing food required skill and he must be perfect after a time period. * Quick Decisions :- A good chef is able to think quickly an...

  COOKING Cooking is an art and science of preparing food for consumption by using heat to make it edible, chewable, and easy to consume.  Cooking as an Art Cooking is an art to mix the raw materials like spices, fats and oils, ingredients, and heat like mixing of colors in any picture to make it good looking as that the food becomes good looking, smelling, eatable, tasty, chewable, and full of nutrients.  Cooking as an Science  Cooking is a science in which chemical process includes which is not reversible and take a correct proportion of raw materials, ingredients, and heat to make the food, chewable, tasty, good looking, and smelling, and easily digestion.  Function of Cooking  There are many reasons behind cooking food, some of the given below :- * To make food digestible. * To make food good looking. * To make food good smelling. * To kill the harmful bacteria that present in it. * To change its physical and chemical properties . * To make food easily ...

LAYOUT OF FRONT OFFICE DEPARTMENT Layout is the physical demarcation of the sections of a department. A well-designed layout should involve 'proper space utilization,  aimed at improving the efficiency and control of the staff. The front desk should be located at a prominent place in the lobby. Many times in addition to the building ambience, the main entrance and approach  play a very important role in the selection of hotel for a guest. When a guest enters a hotel, it is the entrance and thereafter the lobby, which is subjected to scrutiny. The main entrance must be identifiable and directly lead to lobby of the hotel. Care should be taken that the main entrance is able to accommodate the guests of the hotel who may come by a car or taxi or coach. To complicate the situation, a number of guests may arrive by several modes of transport at the same time. As a general rule the driveway in front of the lobby entrance should be at least 18 feet wide so as to allow at least two ca...

Different Sections of Front Office Department Reservation Guest Reservation is one of the important key points of front office. All requests for room reservation are received & processed this section for systematic arrival of guests without any confusion. Hotel reservation comes through various media, such website, telephone, letter, fax, E-mail, Telegrams, cables. Reservation may comes from different sources. We have a tutorial as source of guest reservation from where you should get detail idea. Here are some in short; online, airlines, Tour package operating Companies, Travel agent, N.G.O's , U N organisation, Ministries, corporations. Reception The work is usually perform in a waiting area such as a lobby or front office desk of an organization or business. The title receptionist is attributed to the person who is employed by an organisation to receive or greet any visitor, patients , clients and answer telephone calls. Importance :- 1. Face of the Hotel.  2. Handle gue...

Importance of Front Office Department • The front office is one of the two major departments which produces revenue in a hotel, the other being food and beverage. • The front office generates nearly 60–70% of the revenue for the hotel and is responsible for achieving a high occupancy of the hotel.  • One of the major functions of the front office is selling accommodation. • The front office co-ordinates as a link between the hotel and the guest and at times is the only area which comes in contact with a guest and the guest knows the hotel by the front desk only. • The front office is like a dispensing post to handle complaints and suggestions of the guest. • Front office is indeed the nerve centre, the hub and the heart of the hotel. • Front office co-ordinates with other departments of hotel in order to provide more efficient service to the guest by communicating with every other department with  instructions and directions for services, care and relations with guests, • Fron...

Functions Performed by the Front Office Department The front office of a hotel generally performs the following basic activities: • Processing the reservation request of guests, this involves making room reservations,  amendments, and cancellations. • Receiving/welcoming guests at the time of their arrival. • Making arrangements for the traditional welcome of guests. • Registration of guests and the assignment of rooms. • Handling guests' luggage from the guest vehicle to the assigned room on arrival and from the guest room to the vehicle at the time of departure. • Accepting guests' valuables and cash for keeping in safety deposit lockers. • Delivering messages and mails of resident guests. • Handling guests' keys. • Guest paging. • Posting and verifying the room charges and any other credit charges in the guest folio. • Providing information to guests about hotel products and services, and events or places of tourist interest. • Arranging postage and courier of mails and ...

  AN OVERVIEW OF THE FRONT OFFICE  DEPARTMENT Front office is the interface between a hotel and its guests. The front office department is the central point of the activities that take place between guests and a hotel. The employees of the department are among the first employees of the hotel to interact with the guest. This interaction starts with the processing of the reservation request and continues through the stages of arrival, stay, departure, and even after departure (when the hotel forwards mails received for the guest). The front office may be regarded as the show window of the hotel and hence must be well designed and maintained in a well-organized and orderly manner. Regardless of the class or type of the hotel, front office is the most visible and essential focal point of a hotel. Front office is the name given to offices situated in the front of house, that is, the lobby, such offices where the guest is received, provided information, his luggage handled, his acc...

  Classification :- 1.  Size : -  Hotels are grouped into the following types on the basis of number of guest rooms . Small Hotels with 25 rooms or less are classified as small hotels. Medium Hotels with 26 to 100 rooms are in medium hotels. Large Hotels with up to 300 guest rooms but not less than 100 rooms. Very large with more than 300 rooms or less than 1000 rooms. Mega Hotel with up to 1000 rooms. 2.   Location :-  Hotels may be situated in the city center, suburban areas, near airports, at hill station on beaches. They are classified into the following types on the basis of location. Downtown Hotel is one which is located in the centre of the city or within a short distance from the business centre, shopping areas, theatres etc. Suburban Hotel are set in suburban areas & offer the advantage of quieter surroundings, although they provide the same type of service as downtown hotels. Resort Hotel at located as tourist hot-spot such as hill station, sea...

  Development And Growth In India of Hotel  Industry The development of the Hotel Industry in India cannot be traced to a definite point of time, there is evidence of its presence even during the Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic Era. In olden days, travel was predominantly undertaken for pilgrimage and trade. The concept of char dham among the Hindu community an important indicator of the significance accorded to pilgrimage by our ancestor. The company stand with Shrines, some of which are frequent by people of all faiths. Some such popular shrines are Vaishno Devi, Amarnath Cave shrine in Kashmir, Tirupati balaji , Shirdi sai, Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar, Dilwara Jain Temble at Mount Abu , Bodhgaya for Buddhists, Ajmer Sharit shrine in Rajasthan, Haji Ali Tomb at Mumbai. Ancient India was well known for its silk, spices, gold gemstones. Record of famous traveller of the yore speak of Indians trading with countries like Italy, Indonesia, Malaysia , China and Japan, among...

  FIVE 'A's OF TOURISM Tourist destination is a geographical unit which the tourist visits: and where he stays. The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of the following five 'A' factors:     • Attractions     • Accessibility     • Accommodation     • Amenities     • Activities Developing a suitable combination of these factors is at the heart of tourism planning. Attractions Attractions are key elements that need to be considered in assessing the tourism potential of an area. Attraction means anything that creates a desire in any person to travel in a specific tourist destination. A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities. Some examples include historical places, monuments, zoos, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structu...

  NATURE of Hospitality Industry:-  We learned about different types of products and services provided by the hospitality industry. The physical products of hospitality that is food and drink in a restaurant or the actual hotel room are product that are sold at a price to the guest or customer. These are often regarded as the tangible aspect of hospitality. A successful business doesn’t count on its product and services but also how they are delivered. The quality of staff and way they deliver the service are often more important than the tangible products in making a hospitality experience satisfactory or unsatisfactory. We call these the intangible aspects of hospitality. 

  HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Introduction -  Hospitality refers to the relationship between a guest and a host, and it also refers to the act or practices of being hospitality. The hospitality industry is an umbrella term for a broad variety of service industries, including hotels, restaurants, casinos, catering enterprise, resort and Clubs. The industry is very diverse & global greatly impacted by fluctuations within the economy as also by various happenings across the world. Origin and Growth –  The origin & development of the hospitality industry direct outcome of travel & tourism. There are many reasons for a person may travel; Business, Studies, Medical Treatment, Pilgrimage or any other reasons. When a person travel for a few or more days, he may carry his clothes with him, but it is not possible to him to carry his food and home.  Three basic needs food - shelter - cloth are not taken care of when he is travelling. This is where hospitality industry step...

  Question : -   What are the qualities in front office? Answer :- 1. Salesman - They motivate the guest to spend more on the various hotel facilities. 2. Problem solver - Guest invariably approach the front office for help in case they have a problem or complaint. The staff have to be diplomatic & resourceful to solve the problem at the shortest possible time. 3. A Reference point – Guest who want information or want to pass on information use them for this purpose. 4. Coordinators - The front office staff are required to coordinate with other departments, airlines, travel agencies & city tour offices to give the guest personalized service. 5. Image Builders :- As an extension of their salesman role, front office can certainly generate a good image to the establishment in their manner of dress, communication, personal conduct and efficiency.

  Question -  Relationship b/w Tourism & Hospitality Industry? Answer -  Tourism & Hospitality go hand in hand, the hospitality industry offer services like accommodation, transportation, food & beverage and recreation. Tourism is the activity by the tourist where they engaged in travelling to destination where they want to experience recreational & most of the time avail of accommodation, food and beverage. The Hospitality industry is the supplier of the services for tourism. The Hospitality is a high pressure environment it entitles work you to long hours on your feet for long period at a time, many of chefs find it a highly rewarded career as it gives them the opportunity as it indulges in their passion. Another point is consider to that many restaurant and institutional kitchen have modern equipment, good work areas & air conditioning, but many kitchen in older & smaller eating places may not as a well equipped. Working condition may depend on...

  Grooming Standard in front office MALE :- 1. Back length of your hair shouldn't touch your shirt. 2. Sidelocks of the hairs not be up to the length of half of your ear. 3. The hair must be cut & adjust in a way that it shouldn't cover your ear. 4. The hair shouldn't be coloured in stylish & tancy way. 5. The hair shouldn't fall your forehead. 6. Dandrough in the hair is to be avoided at all costs. 7. Moustaches shouldn't be very long & unpleasantly kept. 8. Except Sikh community, beard is not allowed to anyone. 9. Men with heavy facial hair must cut every alternate day in order to avoid greenish appearance. 10. Their should be pleasant smell that comes out of your body & including your mouth. 11. If there are any visible Tattoo / Ink, it should be covered. 12. Man working in guest contact areas should make sure that they have clean & healthy skin. 13. Any salt of mouth chewing is not allowed. 14. The belt should be of black od brown colour with...

  WHAT IS TOURISM INDUSTRY?   The travel and Tourism industry is perhaps one of the largest and fastest growing industry in the whole world due to increase in the inflow of tourists in the various countries due to increase in business between the nations, increasing spending power of the people, curiosity to visit new countries and learn new culture and improvement in the means of communication. The travel and tourism industry has many dimensions such as Hospitality industry, Transportation services & the events & activities. ♡ Transportation Industry : - The sector includes industries providing transportation of passengers & warehousing & storage of goods & support activities related to transportation. ♡ Tourism Activities – The sector includes the industries in which all the activities related to adventure.  ♡ Lodging Industry :-  These sector includes that the people who travel & stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sle...