COMMUNICATION

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Communication and its Barrier


Communication is the art of transmitting knowledge, ideas, information and thoughts from one person to another.

The transfer should be such that, the receiver understands the meaning and the intent of the message and give proper feedback. 



Importance of communication 

• Necessary for planning 

• Understanding each other

• Establishment of effective leadership 

• Increases efficiency 

• Basis of Decision Making 

• Smooth working of enterprise 

• Motivation 

• Coordination 





Communications Process

Communications is a continuous process which mainly involves three elements viz. sender, message, and receiver. The elements involved in the communication process are explained below in detail:


1. Sender

The sender or the communicator generates the message and conveys it to the receiver. He is the source and the one who starts the communication

2. Message

It is the idea, information, view, fact, feeling, etc. that is generated by the sender and is then intended to be communicated further.

3. Encoding

The message generated by the sender is encoded symbolically such as in the form of words, pictures, gestures, etc. before it is being conveyed.

4. Media

It is the manner in which the encoded message is transmitted. The message may be transmitted orally or in writing. The medium of communication includes telephone, internet, post, fax, e-mail, etc. The choice of medium is decided by the sender. 

5. Decoding

It is the process of converting the symbols encoded by the sender. After decoding the message is received by the receiver.

6. Receiver

He is the person who is last in the chain and for whom the message was sent by the sender. Once the receiver receives the message and understands it in proper perspective and acts according to the message, only then the purpose of communication is successful.

7. Feedback

Once the receiver confirms to the sender that he has received the message and understood it, the process of communication is complete.

8. Noise

It refers to any obstruction that is caused by the sender, message or receiver during the process of communication. For example, bad telephone connection, faulty encoding, faulty decoding, inattentive receiver, poor understanding of message due to prejudice or inappropriate gestures, etc.





Communication Process Chart






Barriers


Anything that hinders the process of communication at any of these levels is a barrier to communication. 

Barriers to communication can be defined as the aspects or conditions that interfere with effective exchange of ideas or thoughts. 



Factors of barrier in communication 

• Environmental 

• Technological 

• Distance 

• Personal interests 

• Chain of command 

• Organizational 

• Jargons

• Halo effect 

• Misinterpretation 

• Trust issue 

• External noise 

• Emotions 

• Fear

• Stress

• Negative self image 




Classification of barriers 

• Physical barriers 

• Semantic And language barriers 

• Socio physiological barriers 

• Organizational barriers 

• Cross cultural barriers 



1. Physical Barriers


- Faulty Organizational Structure

• Large working area.

• Closed office doors.

• Separate areas for people of different status.


- Noise

• Physical Noise (outdoor disturbance)

• Psychological noise (inattentiveness)

• Written noise (bad handwriting typing)

• Visual noise (late arrival of employees)


- Tune & distance

• Improper time

• Defect in medium of communication

• Network facilities

• Mechanical Breakdowns


- Information Overload

• Pilling up of tasks due to improper time management

• Excess number of people assigned for same task

• Work overload



2. Semantics


- Similar sounding words

These words are known as Homophones

Examples :

• Pale and Pail

• Region and reason

• Buy and bye and by

• Alter and altar.


- Words have multiple pronunciations 


- Words have multiple meaning 


- Denotations and connotations 

• Denotation means the literal meaning of a word.

• Connotation means the emotions and associations connected to a word.


- Language barriers 

• Different languages 

• No clarity in speech 

• Using jargons

• Not being specific 



3. Socio Physiological Barriers 

Socio physiological barriers can be described as the cause of distorted communication because of human socio physiological problems. 


- Other include 

• Group identification 

• Self image 

• Premature evaluation 

• Distrust 

• Poor retention 



4. Cross Cultural Barriers 


• Social relation

• Concept of time 

• Language 

• Values 

• Concepts of space 

• Gestures 



5. Organisational Barriers 

- Loss of distortion of message as they pass from one level to another 

- Message not read completely or not understood correctly 

- Information gap, etc. 


• Lack of communication policy 

• Authoritarian attitude of Management 

• Poorly defined authority and responsibility 

• Too many levels in organization structure 

• Insufficient communication training 


Location: Julana, Haryana 126101, India

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